Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2014 


http://archive.org/details/statutesofcolumbOOunse 


STATUTES 

OF 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE, 

REVISED  AND  PASSED 

BY  THE 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES, 

MAY,  1836. 


TO  WHICH  IS  PREFIXED 


AN    HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF  THE 

COLLEGE. 


NEW-YORK: 

PRINTED   FOR  COLUMBIA  COLLEGE, 
BY  E.  B.  CLAYTON. 

M  DCCC  XXXVI. 


CONTEXTS. 

Page 

Historical  Sketch  of  Columbia  College   .3 

CHAPTER L 

Of  the  President   11 

CHAPTER  EL 

Of  the  Faculty  of  Arts   19 

CHAPTER  III. 

Of  the  Board  of  the  College   13 

CHAPTER  nr. 

Of  the  Courses  of  Study   15 

CHAPTER  V. 

Of  Admission  20 

•  *  V    ;  *        CHAPTER  Vl/    ***  I 
Of  Attendance  \   21 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Of  the  Behariour  of  the  Students  22 

CHAPTER  VIII.  '  '  ' 
Of  Crimes  and  Punishments  22 

CHAPTER  IX. 

Of  the  Mode  of  Punishment  23 

CHAPTER  X. 

Of  Examinations  25 

CHAPTER  XL 

Of  Testimonials  and  Medals  26 

CHAPTER  XII. 

Of  Commencements   28 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

Of  Vacations  29 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Of  Public  Lectures  29 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Of  Free  Scholarships  30 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

Of  Foundations  31 

Extract  from  the  second  Report  of  a  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into 
the  state  of  Columbia  College   33 


TRUSTEES    OF    COLUMBIA  COLLEGE 


CLEMENT  C.  MOORE,  LL.  D. 
DAVID  B.  OGDEN, 
WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  LL.  D. 
EDWARD  W.  LAIGHT, 
BEVERLY  ROBINSON, 
THOMAS  L.  OGDEN, 
JOHN  T.  IRVING, 
DAVID  S.  JONES, 

PETER  A.  JAY,  LL.  D.  Chairman  of  the  Board. 

The  Right  Rev.  BENJAMIN  T.  ONDERDONK,  D.  D 

PHILIP  HONE, 

CHARLES  KING, 

The  Rev.  WILLIAM  CREIGHTON,  D.  D 
The  Rev.  GARDINER  SPRING,  D.  D. 
JAMES  CAMPBELL, 
JOHN  L.  LAWRENCE, 
WILLIAM  A.  DUER,  LL.  D. 
EDWARD  R.  JONES, 
The  Rev.  WILLIAM  BERRIAN,  D.  D 
OGDEN  HOFFMAN,  * 

SAMUEL  WARD,  / 
SAMUEL  B.  RUGGLES, 
The  Rev.  JOHN  KNpXyD.  D. 


FACULTY   OF    COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 

WILLIAM  A.  DUER,  LL.  D.  President. 

The  Rev.  JOHN  M'VICKAR,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Phi- 
losophy, of  Political  Economy,  and  of  Rhetoric,  and  the  Belles  Lettrcs. 

CHARLES  ANTHON,  LL.  D.  Jay-Professor  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Lan- 
guages and  Literature,  and  Rector  of  the  Grammar  School. 

JAMES  RENWICK,  LL.  D.  Professor  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Phi- 
losophy, and  Chemistry. 

HENRY  J.  ANDERSON,  M.  D.  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

The  above,  form  the  Board  of  the  College. 
JAMES  KENT,  LL.  D.  Professor  of  Law. 

LORENZO  DA  PONTE,  Professor  of  the  Italian  Language  and  Literature. 
The  Rev.  ANTOINE  VERREN,  A.  M.  Professor  of  the  French  Language, 
and  Literature. 

MARIANO  VELASQUEZ  DE  CADENA,  LL.  B.  Professor  of  the  Spanish 
Language  and  Literature. 

The  Rev.  SAMUEL  H.  TURNER,  D.  D.  Professor  of  the  Hebrew  Lan- 
guage. 

ROBERT  G.  VERM  I  LYE,  A.  M.  Classical  Instructor  of  the  Freshman  Class, 
Librarian,  and  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  the  College. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 


The  establishment  of  a  College  in  the  City  of  New-York  was  many 
years  in  agitation  before  the  design  was  carried  into  effect.  At  length, 
in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1753,  an  act  of  Assembly  was  passed,  ap- 
pointing Mr.  James  De  Lancey,  who  was  then  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
the  Province  and  Commander-in-chief,  together  with  other  gentlemen 
of  the  different  religious  denominations,  Trustees  of  the  proposed  Insti- 
tution. Provision  was  also  made,  by  the  same  act,  for  a  fund  to  be 
raised  by  a  succession  of  lotteries. 

In  the  year  1754,  the  Trustees  above  mentioned  chose  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson,  of  Connecticut,  to  be  President  of  the  intended  College;  who,  in 
July  of  the  same  year,  commenced  the  instruction  of  a  class  of  Students 
in  the  vestry  room  of  Trinity  Church.  On  the  31st  of  October,  in  the 
same  year,  the,  royal  charter  was  passed  ;  from  which  period,  the  exist- 
ence of  the  College  is  properly  to  be  dated.  The  Governors  of  the 
College,  named  in  the  charter,  are  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
the  first  Lord  Commissioner  for  trade  and  plantations,  both  empowered 
to  act  by  proxies ;  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  Province,  and  several 
other  public  officers  ;  together  with  the  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  the 
senior  Minister  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  the  Ministers 
of  the  German  Lutheran  Church,  of  the  French  Church,  and  of  the 
Presbyterian  Congregation,  and  the  President  of  the  College,  all  ex 
officio,  and  twenty -four  of  the  principal  gentlemen  of  the  City.  The 
College  was  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  King's  College.  Previously 
to  the  passing  of  the  charter,  a  parcel  of  ground  to  the  westward  of  Broad- 
way, on  which  the  College  now  stands,  had  been  destined  by  the  Vestry 
of  Trinity  Church  as  a  site  for  the  College  edifice;  and,  accordingly, 
after  the  charter  was  granted,  a  grant  of  the  land  was  made,  on  the  13th 
of  May,  1755. 

The  sources,  whence  the  funds  of  the  Institution  were  derived,  besides 
the  proceeds  of  the  lotteries  above  mentioned,  were  the  voluntary  con- 
tributions of  private  individuals  in  this  country,  and  sums  obtained  by 


6 


agents  who  were  subsequently  sent  to  England  and  France.  In  May, 
17G0,  the  College  buildings  began  to  be  occupied.  In  March,  17(53,  Dr. 
Johnson  resigned  his  office  of  President,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Myles  Cooper, 
of  Oxford,  who  had  previously  been  appointed  Professor  of  Moral 
Philosophy,  and  assistant  to  the  President,  was  elected  in  his  place. 
In  17G7,  a  grant  of  land  was  ohtained,  under  the  government  of  Sir 
Henry  Moore,  of  24,000  acres,  situated  in  the  northern  parts  of  the 
Province  of  New- York;  hut,  upon  the  erection  of  Vermont  into  a  sepa- 
rate state,  this  tract  fell  within  the  boundaries  of  that  territory,  and  was 
lost  to  New- York  and  to  the  College. 

In  August,  of  the  year  17G7,  a  medical  school  was  established  in  the 
College. 

The  following  account  of  the  Institution,  supposed  to  be  written  by 
Dr.  Cooper,  shows  its  condition  previously  to  the  war  of  the  revolution. 

u  Since  the  passing  of  the  charter,  the  Institution  hath  received  great 
**  emolument  by  grants  from  his  most  gracious  majesty  King  George 
u  the  Third,  and  by  liberal  contributions  from  many  of  the  nobility  and 
"  gentry  in  the  parent  country;  from  the  society  for  the  propagation  of 
**  the  gospel  in  foreign  parts,  and  from  several  public  spirited  gentlemen 
"  in  America  and  elsewhere.  By  means  of  these  and  other  benefac- 
**  tions,  the  Governors  of  the  College  have  been  enabled  to  extend  their 
"  plan  of  education  almost  as  diffusely  as  any  College  in  Europe ; 
u  herein  being  taught,  by  proper  Masters  and  Professors,  who  are  chosen 
M  by  the  Governors  and  President,  Divinity,  Natural  Law,  Physic, 
"  Logic,  Ethics,  Metaphysics,  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy,  As- 
"  tronomy,  Geography,  History,  Chronology,  Rhetoric,  Hebrew,  Greek, 
"  Latin,  Modern  Languages,  the  Belles  Lettres,  and  whatever  else  of 
"  literature  may  tend  to  accomplish  the  pupils  both  as  scholars  and 
"  gentlemen. 

"  To  the  College  is  also  annexed  a  grammar  school,  for  the  due  prepa- 
"  ration  of  those  who  propose  to  complete  their  education  with  the 
"  arts  and  sciences. 

"  All  Students,  but  those  in  Medicine,  are  obliged  to  lodge  and  diet 
"  in  the  College,  unless  they  are  particularly  exempted  by  the  Governors 
"  or  President ;  and  the  edifice  is  surrounded  by  an  high  fence,  which 
"  also  encloses  a  large  court  and  garden,  and  a  porter  constantly  attends 
"  at  the  front  gate,  which  is  closed  at  ten  o'clock  each  evening  in  sum- 
"  mer,  and  at  nine  in  winter;  after  which  hours,  the  names  of  all  that 
"  come  in,  arc  delivered  weekly  to  the  President. 

"  The  College  is  situated  on  a  dry  gravelly  soil,  about  150  yards  from 
"  the  bank  of  Hudson  River,  which  it  overlooks;  commanding  from  the 
"  eminence  on  which  it  stands,  a  most  extensive  and  beautiful  prospect 
"  of  the  opposite  shore  and  country  of  New-Jersey,  the  City  and  Island 
"  of  New-York,  Long  Island,  Staten  Island,  New-York  Bay  with  its 


J 


'  Islands,  the  Narrows,  forming  the  mouth  of  the  harbour,  <fcc.  <fcc. ; 
"  and  being  totally  unencumbered  by  any  adjacent  buildings,  and  admit- 
"  ting  the  purest  circulation  of  air  from  the  river,  and  every  other 
"  quarter ;  has  the  benefit  of  as  agreeable  and  healthy  a  situation  as  can 
"  possibly  be  conceived. 

'*  Visitations  by  the  Governors  are  quarterly ;  at  which  times,  pre- 
"  miums  of  books,  silver  medals,  &c.  are  adjudged  to  the  most  de- 
"  serving. 

"  This  Seminary  hath  already  produced  a  number  of  gentlemen,  who 
"  do  great  honour  to  their  professions,  the  place  of  their  education,  and 
"  themselves,  in  Divinity,  Law,  Medicine,  &c.  &c,  in  this  and  various 
"  other  colonies,  both  on  the  American  continent  and  West  India  Is- 
"  lands ;  and  the  College  is  annually  increasing  as  well  in  Students  as 
"  reputation." 

In  consequence  of  the  dispute  between  this  and  tlie  parent  country, 
Dr.  Cooper  returned  to  England,  and  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Moore  was 
appointed  Prases  pro  tempore,  during  the  absence  of  Dr.  Cooper;  who, 
however,  did  not  return. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  revolutionary  war,  the  business  of  the 
College  was  almost  entirely  broken  up,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the 
return  of  peace,  that  its  affairs  were  again  regularly  attended  to. 

In  May,  1784,  all  the  Seminaries  of  learning  in  the  State  of  New- 
York  were,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  placed  under  the  authority  of 
Regents,  who  were  styled  Regents  of  the  University.  These  Regents 
immediately  set  about  the  regulation  of  the  College,  the  name  of  which 
was  now  changed  to  Columbia  College.  New  Professors  were  appointed ; 
a  grammar  school  and  a  medical  department  were  established. 

The  College  continued  under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  the 
Regents  until  April,  1787 ;  when  the  original  charter,  with  necessary 
alterations,  was  confirmed,  and  the  College  placed  under  twenty-nine 
Trustees,  who  were  to  exercise  their  functions  until  their  number  should 
be  reduced,  by  death,  resignation,  or  removal  from  the  State,  to  twenty- 
four  ;  after  which,  all  vacancies  in  their  Board  were  to  be  filled  by  their 
own  choice. 

In  May,  1787,  Dr.  Wm.  Samuel  Johnson,  son  of  the  first  President,  was 
elected  President  of  Columbia  College.  During  the  previous  vacancy 
of  the  presidential  chair,  the  Professors  had  presided  in  turn  ;  and  certi- 
ficates were  given  to  graduates,  in  place  of  regular  diplomas. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1792,  the  medical  school  was  placed  upon 
a  more  respectable  and  efficient  footing  than  before. 

Dr.  Johnson  resigned  the  office  of  President  in  July,  1800,  and  was 
succeeded,  the  year  following,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wharton,  who  resigned 
his  office  at  the  end  of  about  seven  months 


8 


Bishop  Monro  succeeded  Dr.  Wharton  as  President.  His  ecclesias- 
tical duties  were  such,  that,  he  was  not  expected  to  take  an  active  part 
in  the  business  of  the  College,  except  on  particular  occasions.  The 
chief  management  of  its  concerns  devolved  upon  the  Professors. 

In  1809,  the  requisites  for  entrance  into  College,  to  take  effect  the  fol- 
lowing year,  were  very  much  raised,  and  a  new  course  of  study  and 
system  of  discipline  were  established. 

A  new  amended  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  in  1810; 
by  which  the  power  of  the  College  to  lease  its  real  estate  for  21  years 
was  extended  to  63  years. 

Bishop  Moore  resigned  his  office  of  President  in  May,  1811,  in  order 
to  make  room  for  some  person  who  might  devote  ins  whole  time  and 
attention  to  the  College ;  and,  in  June  following,  a  new  office,  styled 
that  of  Provost,  was  erected.  The  Provost  was  to  supply  the  place  of 
the  President  in  his  absence,  and  was  to  conduct  the  classical  studies  of 
the  senior  class.  Shortly  after  this  new  arrangement,  the  Rev.  Win. 
Harris,  and  the  Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  were  elected  President  and  Pro- 
vost. 

In  consequence  of  the  establishment  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  New-York,  the  medical  school  of  Columbia  College  was, 
in  November  of  1813,  discontinued. 

The  Provost  resigned  his  office  in  1816;  since  which  time,  the  Col- 
lege has  been  under  the  sole  superintendence  of  a  President. 

In  September  of  1817,  steps  were  taken  by  the  Trustees  for  a  thorough 
repair  of  the  old  edifice,  which  was  in  a  very  decayed  state,  and  for  the 
erection  of  additional  buildings.  Before  the  end  of  the  year  1820,  the 
proposed  alterations  and  additions  were  completed. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1827,  the  Trustees  resolved  upon  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  grammar  school,  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Faculty 
of  the  College.  Which  resolution  was  carried  into  effect  early  in  the 
following  year;  and,  in  1S29,  a  building  was  erected  upon  the  College 
ground  for  the  accommodation  of  the  scholars. 

In  October,  of  the  year  1829,  Dr.  Harris,  the  President  of  the  College, 
died;  and,  on  the  9th  of  December  following,  Wm.  A.  Duer,  LL.  D. 
was  elected  in  his  room,  and  still  continues  to  preside  over  the  Institu- 
tion. 

With  a  view  of  rendering  the  benefits  of  education  more  generally 
accessible  to  the  community,  the  system  of  instruction,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  year  1830,  underwent  very  extensive  additions  and  modifi- 
cations, and  the  time  of  daily  attendance  upon  the  Professors  was 
materially  increased.  The  course  of  study  in  existence  at  the  time  of 
making  these  additions,  was  kept  entire  and  unchanged,  and  was  deno- 
minated the  full  course.  Another  course  of  instruction  was  established, 
denominated  <lu  scientific  una  literary  course;  which  latter  was  open 


9 

to  others  beside  matriculated  Students,  and  to  such  extent  as  they  might 
think  proper  to  attend. 

In  May,  1833,  the  «7at/-Professor  of  Languages  was  appointed  Rector 
of  the  Grammar  School,  and  an  arrangement,  which  still  continues, 
made  with  him,  by  which  he  agreed  to  pay  a  rent  to  the  College  for  the 
building,  and  take  the  school  upon  his  own  responsibility. 

At  the  late  revision  of  the  Statutes,  several  new  provisions  have  been 
introduced,  by  which  both  courses  of  study,  pursued  in  the  College,  have 
been  further  enlarged  ;  and  the  Literary  and  Scientific  course,  in  par- 
ticular defined  and  materially  extended,  with  the  view  of  rendering  it 
a  complete  system  of  Instruction  for  young  men,  designed  for  civil  or 
military  engineers,  architects,  superintendents  of  manufactories  of  all 
kinds,  or  for  mercantile  or  nautical  pursuits.  And  in  order  that  this 
course,  as  well  as  the  scientific  branches  of  the  Full  course,  may  be 
conducted  in  the  most  perfect  and  efficient  manner,  the  Trustees  have 
recently  appropriated  the  sum  often  thousand  dollars  for  the  purchase 
of  additional  apparatus  in  the  departments  of  Natural  and  Experimental 
Philosophy,  Chemistry,  and  its  applications  to  the  Arts,  and  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Astronomy,  as  well  as  for  adding  to  the  Library  the  requisite 
Books  of  reference  and  illustration  in  all  the  subjects  of  Study  pursued 
in  the  College. 

The  appearance  of  the  College  buildings  and  grounds  speaks  for 
itself.  But  those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  interior  of  the  Institu- 
tion, know  that  its  means  of  Instruction  in  all  the  higher  branches  of 
learning,  do  not  fall  short  of  what  might  be  expected  from  the  respecta- 
bility of  its  exterior.  Among  the  external  improvements,  made  within 
the  last  few  years,  the  alterations  in  Chapel-street  should  not  be  passed 
over.  In  1830,  the  range  of  lots  on  that  Street,  adjoining  the  College 
Green,  was  re-occupied  by  the  Trustees,  and  the  greater  part  of  each  of 
them  enclosed  within  the  Green,  while  the  remaining  portions  were 
thrown  open  to  the  Street — the  name  of  which  was  changed  to  College 
Place. 


2 


STATUTES 

OF 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER  I. 

OF    THE  PRESIDENT, 

1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President  to  take 
charge  of  the  College  generally  ;  to  superintend  the 
buildings  of  the  College,  the  grounds  adjacent  thereto, 
and  its  movable  property  ; 

2.  To  report  to  the  Trustees,  as  occasion  shall 
require,  concerning  the  state  of  the  College,  and  the 
measures  which  may  be  necessary  for  its  future  pros- 
perity. 

3.  He  shall  have  power  to  visit  the  classes,  and  any 
of  the  College  departments,  and  to  give  such  directions, 
and  perform  such  acts,  generally,  as  shall,  in  his  judg- 
ment, promote  the  interest  of  the  Institution,  so  that 
they  do  not  contravene  the  Charter,  the  Statutes,  nor 
the  decisions  of  the  Board  of  the  College. 

4.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  see  that  the  course  of 
instruction  and  discipline  prescribed  by  the  Statutes 
be  faithfully  executed,  and  to  rectify  all  deviations 
from  the  same. 


12 


5.  He  shall  have  power  to  grant  leave  of  absence 
from  the  College,  for  a  reasonable  cause,  and  for  such 
length  of  time  as  he  shall  judge  the  occasion  may 
require. 

C.  lie  shall  preside  at  commencements,  and  at  all 
meetings  of  the  Board  of  the  College  ;  and  shall  sign 
all  diplomas  for  degrees  duly  conferred. 

7.  The  devotional,  and  other  duties  of  the  Chapel, 
shall  be  performed  by  the  President ;  but  in  case  of 
his  absence,  they  shall  be  performed  by  such  Pro- 
fessor as  he  may  appoint.  The  Senior  Professor 
shall  have,  in  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  same 
authority  to  command  obedience,  and  to  enforce  the 
discipline  of  the  Institution,  as  the  President,  when 
present,  possesses. 


CHAPTER  H. 

OF  THE   FACULTY  OF  ARTS. 

1.  The  President  and  Professors  of  the  Institution 
shall  constitute  the  Faculty  of  Arts. 

2.  The  Professors  shall  take  precedence  according 
to  the  dates  of  their  appointments. 

3.  The  Students  shall  be  habituated,  so  far  as  it 
shall  be  practicable,  to  study  subjects  rather  than  whole 
books  ;  and  the  Professors  shall  direct  them  to  the  best 
helps  ;  keeping  in  view  the  principles  of  the  Report 
presented  to  the  Trustees  of  the  College  on  the  2Sth 
day  of  February,  1810,  and  which  are  contained  in  the 
Extract  annexed  to  these  Statutes. 

4.  The  Professors  shall  be  emra^od  in  the  instruction 
of  the  classes  five  days  in  the  week.  The  hours  of 
instruction  shall  commence  immediately  after  the  morn- 


13 


ing  exercises  in  the  Chapel,  and  as  many  of  the  several 
classes  shall  attend  the  Professors  and  Instructors,  four 
hours  daily  in  each  week,  as  the  courses  of  study  will 
admit,  and  in  such  order  and  number  as  to  distribute 
the  hours  of  instruction  as  equally  as  may  be  among 
the  several  Professors  and  Instructors. 


CHAPTER  III. 

OF  THE  BOARD  OF   THE  COLLEGE. 

1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Professors  to  assist 
the  President  with  their  information,  counsel,  and  co- 
operation ;  and  that  their  assistance  may  be  the  more 
effectual,  they  shall  be  associated  with  the  President 
in  a  body,  to  be  called  the  Board  of  the  College, 

2.  The  Board  shall  have  power, 

To  try  offences  committed  by  the  Students; 

To  determine  their  relative  standing  ; 

To  adjudge  rewards  and  punishments  ;  and, 

To  make  all  such  regulations  for  the  better  execu- 
tion of  the  College  system  as  shall  not  contravene  the 
Charter  of  the  College,  nor  these  Statutes,  nor  any 
order  of  the  Trustees. 

3.  The  votes  by  the  other  members  of  the  Board 
shall  not  make  a  decision  without  the  concurrence  of 
the  President. 

4.  The  Board  shall  keep  a  record  of  their  proceed- 
ings. 

5.  In  case  of  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  Senior 
Professor  present  shall  preside  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Board;  and  all  acts  of  the  Board  thus  constituted, 
shall  be  valid  when  approved  by  the  President. 


14 


0\  The  Board  shall  meet,  statedly,  on  every  Satur- 
day, for  the  purpose  of  administering  the  general  dis- 
cipline of  the  College.  At  this  stated  meeting,  the 
Professors  shall  report  concerning  the  conduct  and 
proficiency  of  the  members  of  the  respective  classes  ; 
noting  particularly  those  who  have  been  delinquent  in 
their  behaviour  or  attendance  ;  or  deficient  or  negli- 
gent in  their  recitations.  And  in  addition  to  such  ad- 
monitions and  punishments  as  the  Board  may  prescribe 
or  direct,  the  names  of  the  Students  so  delinquent 
deficient,  or  negligent,  may  be  inserted  in  the  book 
entitled  Booh  of  Discipline,  In  the  same  book  may, 
also,  be  inserted,  with  honour,  the  names  of  those 
Students  who  distinguish  themselves  for  their  good 
behaviour  and  proficiency  in  their  studies.  At  the 
public  examinations,  the  relative  merits  of  the  re- 
spective classes,  and  the  standing  of  the  members 
thereof,  shall  be  entered  in  the  same  book. 

7.  In  the  Record  of  their  proceedings  kept  by  the 
Board,  shall  be  noted,  at  every  meeting,  the  names  of 
the  members  who  attend,  and  the  names  of  those  who 
are  absent.  This  Record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Board,  and  the  Book  of  Discipline,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  President  to  cause  to  be  laid  before  the  Trustees, 
at  their  stated  meetings. 

8.  The  Board  shall  assemble  the  classes  every  morn- 
ing, except  Sunday,  at  nine  o'clock,  for  the  purpose  of 
attending  prayers ;  after  which,  on  Saturday,  six  Stu- 
dents, at  least,  of  the  senior  class,  in  rotation,  shall 
pronounce  declamations ;  at  which  not  only  the  Trus- 
tees, but  any  other  persons  whom  the  President  may 
think  proper  to  admit,  may  be  present;  and,  on  the 
other  days  of  the  week,  one  Student,  at  least,  from 


15 


each  of  the  other  classes,  shall,  in  like  manner,  pro- 
nounce declamations. 

9.  The  Officers  of  the  College  who  have  the  charge 
of  its  course  of  instruction  and  discipline,  shall  not  be 
engaged  in  any  professional  pursuits  from  which  they 
derive  emolument,  and  which  are  not  connected  with 
the  College. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

OF  THE  COURSES  OF  STUDY. 

1.  There  shall  be  two  courses  of  study;  one  of 
which  shall  be  distinguished  as  the  Full  Course  ;  the 
successful  completion  of  which  shall  entitle  the  student, 
upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Board  of  the  College, 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  :  the  other  shall  be 
denominated  'the  Literary  and  Scientific  Course;  enti- 
tling the  student,  upon  its  successful  completion  and  on 
the  like  recommendation,  to  a  Testimonial  in  the 
English  language,  under  the  seal  of  the  College,  and 
the  signatures  of  the  President  and  of  the  Professors 
and  Instructors  conducting  such  course. 

2.  The  course  of  study  in  the  several  classes  of  the 
Full  Course  shall  be  as  follows,  viz. : 

First  Year — Freshman  Class. 

Horace's  Odes  and  Epodes — Cicero  de  Senectute, 
and  de  Amicitia — Livy — Tacitus — Latin  Prose  Com- 
position— Dalzell's  Collectanea  Grceca  Major  a — Ho- 


16 


mer's  Iliad — Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities — Ancient 
Geography. 

Algebra — Theory  of  Equations  of  the  higher  degrees 
— Solutions  of  Practical  Problems  —  Progressions — 
Logarithms — Series — Interest  and  Annuities — Ele- 
ments of  Plane  Geometry — Geometry  of  Straight  Lines 
and  Triangles — Theory  of  Parallels — Doctrine  of  the 
Circle — Measure  of  Angles — Geometry  of  Polygons. 

English  Grammar,  studied  critically,  on  the  principles 
of  universal  grammar — English  Composition — Outlines 
of  Ancient  History  with  Chronology. 

Second  Year — Sophomore  Class. 

Plautus — Cicero's  Letters  to  Atticus — Horace's  Sa- 
tires— Virgil's  Georgics — Ovid's  Fasti — Latin  Compo- 
sition, in  prose  and  verse — Herodotus — Thucydides — 
Euripides  —  Aristophanes  —  Ancient  Geography  re- 
viewed. 

Geometry  of  Similar  Figures — Analytical  Plane 
Geometry — Analytical  Plane  Trigonometry — Applica- 
tions— Mensuration  of  Heights  and  Distances — Sur- 
veying— Solid  Geometry — Doctrine  of  the  Sphere — 
Analytical  Solid  Geometry— Analytical  Spherical  Trigo- 
nometry— Projections — Descriptive  Geometry — Linear 
Drawing — Levelling — Navigation. 

Elementary  Chemistry — Heat  —  Electricity —  Gal- 
vanism—  Magnetism  —  Optics  —  Relations  of  Heat, 
Electricity,  Magnetism  and  Light. 

Elements  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory — English  Com- 
positions, to  be  read  in  the  Lecture-room,  and  criti- 
cised by  the  Professor  in  the  presence  of  the  class — 
Outlines  of  Modern  History,  with  enlargements  and 


17 


explanations,  and  a  weekly  analysis  required  from  each 
student. 

Third  Year — Junior  Class. 

Cicerone  Officiis,  and  de  Oratore — Horace's  Epistles 
and  Art  of  Poetry — Terence — Latin  Composition,  in 
prose  and  verse — Course  of  Lectures  on  Roman  Litera- 
ture, with  weekly  examinations. — iEschylus — Longinus 
— Greek  Orators — Greek  Prose  Composition. 

Practical  Astronomy — Use  of  instruments — Laws 
of  the  Planetary  Motions — Theory  of  the  Tides — Nau- 
tical Astronomy — General  View  of  the  Solar  and  Stel- 
lar Systems — Outlines  of  the  Theory  of  Universal 
Gravitation. 

Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts — Mineralogy — Geo- 
logy. 

Principles  of  Taste  and  Criticism,  theoretically 
examined  and  practically  applied,  conducted  by  Lec- 
tures and  Recitations,  with  references  to  books — A 
course  of  Lectures  on  English  Literature,  and  the  Mo- 
dern  Literature  of  Europe  generally,  with  references 
to  authorities,  and  written  analyses  required  weekly — 
English  Composition,  as  in  the  Sophomore  Year. 

Fourth  Year — Senior  Class. 

Philosophical  Works  of  Cicero — Quintilian — Lucre- 
tius— Latin  Composition,  in  prose  and  verse — Plato — 
Sophocles — Pindar — Greek  Composition,  in  prose  and 
verse — A  course  of  Lectures  on  Greek  Literature,  with 
weekly  examinations. 

Differential  and  Integral  Calculus — Calculus  of  Vari- 
ations— Applications  to  Geometry,  Mechanics,  and 
Physical  Astronomy. 

3 


18 


Rational  and  Practical  Mechanics — Principles  of 
Civil  and  Military  Architecture,  and  Civil  Engineer- 
ing, illustrated  by  drawings  and  models. 

History  of  Philosophy — Principles  of  Moral  and  In- 
tellectual Philosophy  including  Logic — Political  Econo- 
my— Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion  ;  the 
several  courses  conducted  by  Lecture  with  references  to 
authorities,  and  the  notes  and  analyses  of  the  Students 
examined  weekly — English  Compositions,  as  in  the 
Junior  and  Sophomore  Years. 

A  course  of  lectures  on  the  Constitutional  Jurispru- 
dence of  the  United  States — Outlines  of  Inter-national 
Law. 

N.  B.  In  the  classical  department,  it  is  to  be  under- 
stood that  the  whole,  or  such  parts  of  the  book,  or 
author,  are  to  be  read,  as  the  Professor,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  President,  shall  direct.  Declamations  and 
Forensic  Disputations  to  be  continued  through  the 
Sophomore,  Junior,  and  Senior  Years,  at  stated 
periods,  and  upon  subjects  connected  with  the  re- 
spective courses. 

3.  The  course  of  study  in  the  Literary  and  Scientific 
Course,  shall  occupy  three  years,  and  be  divided  among 
the  several  classes  as  follows,  viz.  : 

First  Year — Third  Class. 

The  French  Language  pursued  in  reference  to  the 
subjects  of  the  other  branches  of  this  course,  and  to 
modern  history;  the  books  to  be  selected  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Professor.  The  same  mathematical  studies 
as  are  prescribed  for  the  Freshman  Class. 

Elementary  Chemistry  and  Physics,  as  prescribed  for 
the  Sophomore  Class — Manipulation  in  Elementary 


19 


Chemistry — Preparation  and  examination  of  Chemical 
Substances. 

Elements  of  Perspective  and  Drawing,  with  the  use 
of  Water  Colours — Construction  of  Geometrical  Pro- 
blems. 

Outlines  of  Ancient  History,  with  Chronology — 
English  Composition. 

Second  Year — Second  Class. 

History  of  the  Literature  of  Modern  Europe — 
English  Compositions,  as  in  the  full  course. 

The  Mathematical  Studies  prescribed  for  the  Sopho- 
more Class — Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts — Minera- 
logy and  Geology,  as  prescribed  for  the  Junior  Class, 

Experimental  course  of  manipulation  in  Chemical 
Arts — Examination  and  assay  of  earthy  Minerals  as 
used  in  the  Arts,  of  Ores  and  Metals — Topographical 
Drawing  of  Edifices  and  apparatus  used  in  the  Chemi- 
cal Arts,  and  the  applications  of  Physics,  or  the  prin- 
ciples and  practice  of  Book-keeping  by  single  and 
double  entry,  according  to  the  intended  profession  of 
the  Student — Drawing  in  Descriptive  Geometry. 

Third  Year — First  Class. 

Constitutional  Jurisprudence  of  the  United  States — 
Outlines  of  Inter-national  Law — Principles  of  Moral 
Philosophy — Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Re- 
ligion— Political  Economy. 

Theoretic  and  Practical  Mechanics,  as  prescribed  for 
the  Senior  Class — Manipulations  in  Practical  Me- 
chanics— Drawing  in  Civil  Architecture,  of  Machines 
and  Instruments  used  in  the  Mechanic  Arts  ;  of  the 
Structures  used  in  Inland  Navigation ;  of  the  Carri- 
ages and  Engines  employed  on  Railroads,  or  in  Naval 


20 


Architecture,  according  to  the  intended  profession  of 
the  Student. 


CHAPTER  V. 

OF  ADMISSION. 

1.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  the  Freshman 
class,  unless  he  be  accurately  acquainted  with  the 
grammar  of  both  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongues,  inclu- 
ding such  rules  of  prosody  as  may  be  applicable  to 
such  of  the  Poets  as  he  is  to  be  examined  upon  ;  be 
master  of  Caesar's  Commentaries,  except  the  last 
book  ;  of  the  Orations  of  Cicero  against  Catiline,  the 
Oration  for  the  Poet  Archias,  and  the  Oration  for 
Marcus  Marcellus  ;  of  the  first  eight  books  of  Virgil's 
jEneid;  of  Sallust;  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St. 
Luke  and  St.  John,  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles ;  of 
Jacob's  Greek  Reader;  of  the  first  three  books  of 
Xenophon's  Cyropaedia,  and  the  first  three  books  of 
Homer's  Iliad.  He  shall,  also,  be  able  to  translate 
English  into  grammatical  Latin;  and  shall  be  well 
versed  in  the  first  four  rules  of  Arithmetic;  the  rule 
of  three  direct  and  inverse ;  vulgar  and  decimal  frac- 
tions, and  the  extraction  of  the  square  root  with 
Algebra,  as  far  as  the  end  of  simple  equations ;  inclu- 
ding an  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  use  of  Alge- 
braic fractions  and  fractional  and  negative  exponents  ; 
and  with  modern  Geography. 

2.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  the  lowest 
class  of  the  literary  and  scientific  course,  without  a 
grammatical  knowledge  of  the  French  language,  to  be 
manifested  by  translations  from  Voltaire's  Histoire  de 
Charles  XII.,  or  Bossuet's  Discours  sur  V Histoire  Uni- 
verselle,  and  by  his  ability  to  write  the  exercises  in 


21 


Levizac's  Grammar  ;  nor  without  the  mathematical 
and  geographical  knowledge  required  for  admission 
into  the  Freshman  class. 

3.  The  Students  admitted  shall  be  arranged  alpha- 
betically, until  the  next  intermediate  examination, 
after  which  they  shall  be  seated  with  reference  to  their 
respective  merits,  in  the  manner  hereafter  designated. 

4.  Every  Candidate  admitted  into  the  Freshman 
class,  or  into  the  third  class  of  the  literary  and  scientific 
course,  and  every  Student,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  academical  year,  shall  write,  in  the  Matriculation 
Book  of  the  College,  his  own  name,  and  the  name  and 
place  of  abode  of  his  Father  or  Guardian ;  by  which 
signature  he  shall  be  bound  to  the  duties,  and  enti- 
tled to  the  privileges  of  a  regular  Student. 

5.  None  but  matriculated  Students  shall  be  allowed 
to  attend  the  classes  upon  any  pretence  whatsoever, 
without  the  special  permission  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees. 

6.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  an  upper  class 
without  being  master  of  the  previous  part  of  the 
course. 

7.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  from  any  other 
College  without  being  duly  qualified,  nor  without  a 
certificate  from  such  College  of  his  good  standing. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

OF  ATTENDANCE. 

1.  Every  Professor  shall  cause  an  exact  roll  to  be 
kept  of  each  class  attending  upon  his  instructions. 

2.  The  roll  shall  be  punctually  called  over  at 
the  hour  of  attendance,  and  all  absentees  marked. 


22 


Such  Students,  also,  as  come  into  the  class  late,  shall 
be  marked. 

3.  The  Students  of  the  two  courses,  attending  the 
same  Professor  or  Instructor  at  the  same  time,  shall 
be  arranged  in  a  common  alphabetical  order;  be  called 
on  indiscriminately  to  recite,  and  appear  together  at 
the  public  examinations. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

OF  THE  BEHAVIOUR  OF  THE  STUDENTS. 

1.  Every  Student  shall  conduct  himself  towards  the 
President  and  Professors  with  all  possible  respect ; 
shall  take  off  his  hat  whenever  he  meets  them  ;  and, 
if  within  the  College  enclosure,  shall  remain  uncovered 
while  he  speaks  to  them,  or  is  spoken  to  by  them. 

2.  Every  Student  shall  observe  the  strictest  decorum 
when  in  the  class,  neither  doing  nor  countenancing 
any  thing  which  may  tend  to  incommode  his  Teacher, 
or  divert  the  attention  of  his  fellow  students. 

3.  Every  Student,  when  sent  for  by  the  President, 
shall  attend  without  delay. 

4.  Every  Student,  when  sent  for  by  any  of  the  Pro- 
fessors, shall  attend  without  delay,  unless  it  be  at  the 
hour  appointed  for  any  of  the  lectures,  in  which  case 
he  shall  attend  as  soon  as  the  lecture  is  ended. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

OF  CRIMES  AND  PUNISHMENTS. 

1.  If  any  Student  shall  neglect  his  studies  ;  or  shall 
interrupt  the  studies  of  any  other  ;  or  shall  disturb 


23 


the  President,  or  any  of  the  Professors  ;  or  shall,  in  any 
manner,  behave  indecently,  he  shall  be  admonished, 
degraded,  suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled,  according 
to  the  nature  and  aggravation  of  his  offence. 

2.  If  any  Student  shall  commence  any  professional 
study  during  his  academical  course,  he  shall  be  dis- 
missed from  the  College. 

3.  If  any  Student  shall  be  guilty  of  profane  cursing 
or  swearing ;  or  be  intoxicated  with  liquor ;  or  be 
concerned  in  any  riot;  or  shall  strike  a  fellow  student; 
or  keep  the  company  of  infamous  persons  ;  or  procure 
a  private  key  for  any  room  in  the  College;  or  frequent 
billiard  rooms  ;  or  be  guilty  of  gambling,  or  of  any 
other  known  vice,  he  shall  be  admonished,  suspended, 
dismissed,  or  expelled,  according  to  the  nature  and 
aggravation  of  his  offence. 

4.  If  any  Student  contumaciously  resist  the  authority 
of  the  President  and  Professors,  or  any  of  them,  he 
may  be  suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled. 

5.  No  Student  who  shall  have  been  expelled,  or 
twice  dismissed,  shall  be  readmitted. 

6.  Whenever  a  Student  shall  be  publicly  admonish- 
ed, suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled,  notice  shall  be 
immediately  given  to  his  Parents  or  Guardians. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

OF  THE  MODE  OF  PUNISHMENT. 

1.  Complaint  of  misdemeanor  in  a  Student  must 
be  made,  in  the  first  instance,  to  the  President,  who, 
unless  the  offence  be  so  flagrant  as,  in  his  judgment, 
to  require  the  interference  of  the  Board  of  the  College, 


24 


shall  privately  admonish  the  offender ;  and  upon  failure 
of  success  may,  in  his  discretion,  bring  the  subject  be- 
fore the  Board. 

2.  A  Professor,  for  misconduct  in  his  presence,  may 
cite  the  offender  to  appear  before  the  Board. 

3.  The  punishments,  viz.  of  public  admonition,  sus- 
pension, degradation,  dismission,  and  expulsion,  shall 
be  inflicted  only  by  an  act  of  the  Board. 

4.  All  public  punishments  shall  be  according  to  a 
written  form,  prepared  by  the  President,  as  the  occa- 
sion may  require,  which  shall  be  read  in  the  Chapel  by 
him,  or  his  substitute,  and  shall  be  entered  in  the  Book 
of  Discipline. 

5.  A  Student,  whom  it  may  be  necessary  to  bring 
before  the  Board,  shall  have  due  notice  of  the  time  and 
place  of  their  meeting,  and  shall  be  allowed  to  defend 
himself. 

6.  When  a  charge  of  misconduct  shall  be  preferred 
against  a  Student,  the  Board  shall  have  power  to 
require  the  attendance  of  any  other  Student  as  a 
witness. 

7.  When  it  shall  appear  to  the  Board,  that  the 
members  of  a  class,  or  any  number  of  them,  have  en- 
tered into  a  combination,  in  order  to  avoid  collegiate 
duties,  or  to  violate  any  of  the  Statutes,  or  any  regula- 
tion of  the  Board,  they  may  be  proceeded  against,  by 
punishing  any  one  or  more  who  shall  be  found  among 
the  number  of  those  who  have  entered  into  combina- 
tion for  the  above  unlawful  purposes. 

8.  When  injury  has  been  done  to  the  buildings,  or 
other  property  of  the  Institution,  by  any  of  the  Students, 
the  Board  shall  have  power  to  impose  pecuniary  mulcts, 
to  the  extent  of  the  damage  committed,  upon  the  per- 
sons concerned,  or  any  of  them ;  and,  if  unpaid,  to 


25 


render  an  account  of  the  damage  to  the  Parents  or 
Guardians  of  such  Students,  and  in  case  of  their 
neglect  or  refusal  to  pay  the  same,  the  Board  may, 
in  their  discretion,  suspend  any  Student  so  offending, 
from  attendance  upon  the  lectures,  until  such  fines  are 
paid. 


CHAPTER  X. 

OF  EXAMINATIONS. 

1.  There  shall  be  two  examinations  of  all  the 
classes  every  year.  The  one  to  commence  on  the 
first  Monday  in  March,  and  the  other  on  the  first 
Monday  in  July.  The  latter  shall  be  the  concluding 
examination  in  an  academical  year ;  the  former  shall 
be  called  the  intermediate  examination. 

2.  The  examinations  shall  be  held  in  the  presence 
of  the  President,  the  Professors,  the  Students,  of  a 
Committee  of  the  Trustees,  and  of  such  other  persons 
as  shall  choose  to  attend. 

3.  Previous  to  the  intermediate  and  concluding  ex- 
aminations, public  notice  shall  be  given,  in  two  of  the 
daily  papers  published  in  the  city,  of  the  time 'when 
the  examinations  are  to  commence.  And  the  Regents 
of  the  University,  the  Trustees  of  the  College,  the 
Parents  and  Guardians  of  Students,  and  such  other 
persons  as  the  President  may  think  proper  to  invite, 
shall  be  requested  to  attend. 

4.  The  examinations  are  to  be  close  and  rigid  ; 
every  Student  being  left  to  stand  or  fall  upon  his 
proper  merits ;  due  tenderness  being  at  the  same  time 
shown,  that  the  effects  of  perturbation  may  be  avoided 
as  much  as  possible. 

5.  At  the  concluding  examination,  the  board  may 

4 


26 


exclude  any  Student  who  shall  have  been  deficient  in 
the  studies  of  the  preceding  year,  from  proceeding  to 
a  higher  class. 

6.  Students  not  permitted  to  proceed  to  a  higher 
class,  shall  always  be  placed  at  the  bottom  of  the  class 
to  which  they  shall  be  adjudged. 

7.  A  Student  not  permitted  to  proceed  to  the  next 
higher  class,  may  be  allowed  to  take  the  lowest  place 
therein,  if,  at  the  intermediate  examination,  he  shall 
appear  to  have  made  up  his  deficiency  ;  but  not  if  a 
whole  year  shall  have  elapsed. 


CHAPTER  XL 

OF  TESTIMONIALS  AND  MEDALS. 

1.  At  the  close  of  every  intermediate  examination, 
a  Testimonial  of  Merit,  decorated  with  the  seal  of  the 
College,  and  with  suitable  devices,  shall  be  awarded 
in  each  class  to  the  Student  who  shall  be  considered 
by  the  Board  of  the  College  as  of  the  best  general 
standing;  and  there  shall  also  be  awarded  by  the  Presi- 
dent, and  the  Professor  of  each  respective  department, 
a  Special  Testimonial  to  the  Student  of  the  best  stand- 
ing in  each  particular  department  of  study,  exclusive 
of  the  Student  receiving  the  general  testimonial. 

2.  The  testimonials  awarded  at  the  intermediate 
examinations  shall  be  publicly  announced,  and  deli- 
vered by  the  President  in  the  chapel  of  the  College,  on 
the  first  Monday  in  April  in  each  year,  in  the  presence 
of  the  Trustees,  Faculty,  and  Students  of  the  College, 
and  of  such  other  persons  as  shall  attend  on  the  invi- 
tation of  the  President ;  after  which  exercises  in 
declamation  shall  be  exhibited  by  not  less  than  two 
students  in  each  class,  to  be  previously  designated  by 


27 


the  President :  those  of  the  senior  and  junior  classes, 
and  the  first  class  of  the  literary  and  scientific  course, 
shall  consist  of  their  own  compositions  in  the  English 
language,  and  those  of  the  other  classes,  of  selected 
pieces  approved  by  the  President. 

3.  At  the  close  of  every  concluding  examination, 
there  shall  be  awarded  in  each  class  a  gold  medal  to 
the  Student  who  shall  be  considered  by  the  Board  of 
the  College  as  of  the  best  general  standing  ;  and  there 
shall  also  be  awarded  by  the  President,  and  the  Pro- 
fessor of  each  respective  department,  a  silver  medal 
to  the  Student  of  the  best  standing,  and  a  bronze  medal 
to  the  Student  of  the  next  best  standing  in  each  par- 
ticular department  of  study,  exclusive  of  the  Student 
receiving  the  gold  medal. 

4.  The  Students  of  the  two  courses,  where  their 
studies  and  attendance  are  common,  shall  compete  to- 
gether for  the  testimonials  and  medals  in  the  several 
departments. 

5.  The  medals  awarded  at  the  concluding  exami- 
nations shall  be  announced,  and  conferred  at  the  an- 
nual Commencements  ;  and  the  names  of  the  students 
entitled  to  them  shall,  by  appropriate  designations,  be 
made  to  appear  in  the  College  books,  and  also  in  the 
printed  catalogues. 

6.  The  possessor  of  the  Gold  Medal,  or  General 
Testimonial,  in  each  class,  shall  be  entitled  to  prece- 
dence in  the  seats,  and  in  the  catalogues,  and  those  of 
inferior  medals,  or  special  testimonials,  shall  be  en- 
titled, in  alphabetical  order,  to  the  next  places ;  pro- 
vided that  those  Students  who  shall  receive  more  than 
one  honour  shall,  in  proportion  to  the  numbers, 
take  precedence  next  to  those  possessing  the  general 
honours.  The  other  Students,  in  each  class,  shall  be 
arranged  in  alphabetical  order. 


28 


CHAPTER  XII. 

OF  COMMENCEMENTS. 

1.  There  shall  be  an  annual  commencement  on  the 
day  following  the  first  Monday  in  October,  when  aca- 
demical degrees  and  testimonials  shall  be  conferred. 

2.  Previously  to  conferring  the  degrees  and  testimo- 
nials, public  exercises  shall  be  performed  by  the  Can- 
didates, in  such  manner  as  the  Board  of  the  College 
shall  direct. 

3.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts,  unless,  besides  due  proficiency  in 
his  studies,  he  shall  compose  an  exercise  for  the  Com- 
mencement, which  shall  be  submitted  to  the  President; 
and  the  Student  who  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  adopt 
the  corrections  and  amendments  pointed  out  to  him,  or 
who  shall  deliver  his  oration,  or  exercise  for  the  day, 
otherwise  than  as  approved  of  by  the  President,  shall 
not  receive  his  degree. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Board  to  designate 
those  who  are  to  speak,  and  also  to  assign  to  each 
Speaker  his  respective  part  on  Commencement  day  ; 
and  any  Student  neglecting  or  refusing  to  perform  the 
part  assigned  to  him,  shall  not  receive  his  degree. 

5.  No  Alumnus  of  this  College  shall  obtain  the  de- 
gree of  Master  of  Arts  in  less  than  three  years  after 
the  date  of  his  first  diploma ;  nor  then,  unless  he  shall 
have  made  such  literary  progress  as,  in  the  judgment 
of  the  Board,  shall  entitle  him  thereto.  The  President 
may  assign  to  one  or  more  of  the  Alumni  of  the  Col- 
lege, who  may  apply  for  a  degree  of  Master  of  Arts, 
such  orations  or  exercises  as  he  may  deem  expedient ; 
which  orations  or  exercises  shall  be  delivered  the  last 


29 


in  the  order  of  the  day,  the  valedictory  oration  except- 
ed ;  but  no  oration  or  exercise  shall  be  delivered  unless 
approved  of  by  the  President. 

6.  No  person  of  immoral  character  shall  be  admit- 
ted to  the  honours  of  this  College. 

7.  Each  Candidate  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor,  or 
Master  of  Arts,  or  for  the  testimonial  in  the  literary 
and  scientific  course,  shall,  before  the  same  is  conferred, 
pay  to  the  Librarian  all  arrearages  of  dues  that  may 
be  payable  from  him  to  the  College  ;  and  also  the 
usual  fee  of  eight  dollars  to  the  President  for  confer- 
ring such  degree  and  signing  the  diploma  or  testimo- 
nial. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

OF  VACATIONS. 

1.  There  shall  be  a  Vacation  of  all  the  classes  from 
the  last  day  of  July,  until  the  first  Monday  in  October; 
on  which  day  the  regular  course  of  study  shall  com- 
mence. The  candidates  for  admission  shall  be  pre- 
viously examined. 

2.  There  shall  be  an  intermission  of  the  public  lec- 
tures on  the  4th  day  of  July,  and  from  the  24th  day 
of  December  until  the  4th  day  of  January. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

OF  PUBLIC  LECTURES. 

1.  Public  Lectureships  shall  be  established  in  the 
following  departments,  viz. :  Greek  Literature,  Roman 
Literature,  Oriental  Literature,  English  Literature, 


30 


Chemistry  and  its  applications,  Mechanics  and  Ma- 
chines, Mineralogy  and  Geology,  Architecture  and 
Civil  Engineering,  Moral  Philosophy,  Elocution,  the 
Law  of  Nations,  the  Constitutional  Jurisprudence  of 
the  United  States,  Political  Economy,  Mathematical 
Science,  Experimental  Philosophy,  Physical  and  Prac- 
tical Astronomy. 

2.  These  Lectures,  as  to  the  time  and  place  of  de- 
livery, shall  be  under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  the 
College,  and  shall  be  open  to  all  persons  who  may 
choose  to  attend.  The  President  and  Professors  may, 
at  their  option,  be  Lecturers,  and  the  other  Lecturers 
may  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The 
Lecturers  shall  fix  and  receive  the  fees  of  admission  to 
their  respective  lectures. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

OF  FREE  SCHOLARSHIPS. 

1.  The  Corporation  of  the  City  of  New- York  ;  the 
Trustees  of  the  New- York  Public  School  Society  ; 
the  Trustees  or  Directors  of  the  Clinton  Hall  Asso- 
ciation ;  of  the  Mercantile  Library  Association  ;  and  of 
the  Mechanic  and  Scientific  Institution ;  the  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  of  the  City  of 
New- York,  and  such  other  Societies  as  the  Board  of 
Trustees  may  from  time  to  time  designate,  shall  each 
be  entitled  to  have  always  two  Students  educated  in 
the  College  free  of  all  charges  of  tuition. 

2.  Every  Religious  denomination  in  the  City  of 
New- York,  by  its  authorized  representatives,  shall  be 
entitled  to  have  always  one  Student,  who  may  be  de- 
signed for  the  ministry,  educated  in  the  College  free 
of  all  charges  of  tuition. 


31 


3.  Every  School,  except  the  Grammar  School  of  the 
College,  from  which  there  shall  be  admitted  in  any 
one  year,  into  the  College,  four  Students — shall  have 
the  privilege  of  sending  one  Scholar  to  be  educated 
gratuitously  in  the  College.  The  nominations  to  this 
Scholarship  shall  be  made  by  the  Directors  or  Trus- 
tees of  the  School;  or,  if  there  be  no  Trustees  or  Di- 
rectors, by  the  Instructor  or  Instructors. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

OF  FOUNDATIONS. 

1.  ANY  person  or  persons  who  may  found  a  scholar- 
ship, to  the  amount  of  one  thousand  dollars,  shall  be 
entitled  to  have  one  Student  educated  in  the  College 
free  of  all  charges  of  tuition.  This  right  may  be 
transferable  to  others.  The  scholarship  shall  bear 
such  name  as  the  founder  or  founders  may  designate. 

2.  Any  Religious  denominination,  or  any  person  or 
persons  who  shall  endow  a  Professorship  in  the  Clas- 
sics, in  Political,  Mathematical,  or  Physical  Science, 
or  in  the  literature  of  any  of  the  ancient  or  modern 
Languages,  to  the  amount  of  twenty  thousand  dollars, 
shall,  forever,  have  the  right  of  nominating  a  Profes- 
sor for  the  same,  subject  to  the  approbation  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  who  shall  hold  his  office  by  the  same 
tenure  as  the  other  Professors  of  the  College  :  the 
nomination  to  be  made  by  the  authorized  representa- 
tives of  the  religious  community,  or  by  the  person  or 
persons  who  shall  make  the  endowment,  or  such  per- 
son or  persons  as  he  or  they  may  designate.  The 
proceeds  of  the  endowment  shall  be  appropriated  to  the 
salary  of  the  Professor. 


32 


EXTRACT  from  the  second  Report  of  a  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into 
the  state  of  Columbia  College  ;  presented  to  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
February  28th,  1810. — (Referred  to  in  chap.  ii.  sec.  3.  p.  12.) 

"  It  appears  to  your  Committee,  that  the  primary 
principle  of  all  sound  education,  viz. :  the  evolution  of 
faculty  and  the  formation  of  habit,  although  deplorably 
neglected  in  most  Seminaries,  ought  to  be  so  thoroughly 
incorporated  in  the  College  system,  and  even  amalga- 
mated with  its  very  elements,  as  to  render  progress 
through  the  classes,  without  due  regard  to  it  by  both 
Teacher  and  Pupil,  altogether  impracticable.  If  the 
plan  be  so  constructed  as  to  require  ability  and  dili- 
gence, the  want  of  either  of  these  qualifications  in  the 
Teacher  will  betray  itself  in  the  embarrassment  of  his 
department ;  and  the  want  of  either  of  them  in  the 
Pupil  will  be  discovered  by  his  habitual  failure  in  duties 
which  a  reasonable  share  of  both  would  have  fitted  him 
to  perform.  Your  Committee  cannot,  for  a  moment, 
suppose,  that  it  is  the  intention  of  the  Board  to  try  that 
most  fruitless  and  mischievous  experiment — the  expe- 
riment of  educating  either  the  naturally  stupid  or  the 
incurably  idle.  A  volume  could  not  display  the  magni- 
tude of  the  injuries  inflicted  upon  letters,  upon  religion, 
upon  morals,  upon  social  prosperity  under  every  form, 
through  the  protection  granted  to  incapacity  and  sloth, 
by  a  timid  indulgence,  or  a  chimerical  hope.  It  is, 
therefore,  indispensable  that  the  public  should  sec,  and 
youth  themselves  feel,  that  future  Students  must  both 
have  faculties  to  cultivate,  and  industry  to  labour  in 
their  cultivation,  or  that  Columbia  College  will  be  no 
place  for  them. 

"  With  a  sufficient  reserve  for  improvements  which 
the  vigilance  of  skilful  Instructors  may  point  out  in  the 


33 


practical  details,  your  Committee  think,  that  there 
ought  to  be  an  undeviating  adherence  to  the  following 
principles,  and  their  general  application. 

"  1.  Exactness.  By  which  is  understood,  the  learn- 
ing perfectly  whatever  is  professed  to  be  learned  at  all. 

"  This  can  never  be  attained  without  attention  and 
patience — causing  the  subject  to  pass  and  repass,  in 
close  and  frequent  examination,  till  it  become  familiar, 
and  leave  an  indelible  impression  on  the  mind.  The 
exciting  of  such  a  habit  of  attention,  as  it  is  the  first 
duty,  so  it  is  the  greatest  difficulty,  and  the  most  im- 
portant victory  of  an  able  Teacher,  and  the  cardinal 
secret  of  sound  education.  To  produce  it,  he  must  in- 
sist, peremptorily  and  inexorably,  upon  exactness.  His 
Pupils  will  shrink,  they  will  solicit,  they  will  complain  ; 
they  may  feel  a  momentary  despondence  ;  but  there  is 
an  elasticity  in  youth  which  cannot  be  long  depressed ; 
and  a  generosity  which  the  firmness  of  authority, 
softened  by  a  well  adapted  soothing,  can  work  up 
to  astonishing  efforts.  This  observation  is  fully  verified 
in  the  history  of  the  great  Schools  in  England,  where 
accuracy  is  never  dispensed  with.  The  contrary  course 
terminates  in  the  worst  effects.  Let  a  lad  '  get  along,' 
as  the  phrase  is,  '  pretty  well' — let  his  ideas  on  a  point, 
or  his  acquaintance  with  a  subject,  which  he  is  required 
to  master,  be  only  general  and  confused — let  him  con- 
jecture, where  he  should  be  certain  ;  let  his  Preceptor 
almost  put  the  answer  into  his  mouth,  when  he  hardly 
knows  which  way  to  guess — and  he  is  bribed  to  intel- 
lectual sloth  ;  the  season  in  which  he  should  fix  habits 
of  discrimination,  as  well  as  of  prompt  acquisition, 
passes  by ;  and  though  he  bring  to  the  College  good 
native  powers,  he  will  leave  it  with  a  mind  inert  and 
unproductive.   Let  the  idea,  then,  of  a  medium  between 

5 


34 


scholarship  and  no  scholarship,  be  for  ever  banished. 
Let  the  ideas  of  doing  a  thing,  and  doing  it  well,  be 
identified  in  the  minds  of  both  Professor  and  Student ; 
and  let  the  doing  a  thing  by  halves,  be  equivalent  with 
not  doing  it  all. 

"  2.  Punctuality.  By  which  your  Committee  mean, 
that  the  performance  of  all  exercises  should  be  limited 
to  a  certain  time,  and  then  be  rigorously  exacted.  The 
Teacher  will,  of  course,  take  care  that  they  be  both 
reasonable  and  sufficient.  Under  these  conditions 
nothing  but  a  physical  impossibility,  or  such  a  hin- 
drance as  cannot  be  at  all  referred  to  indolence  or 
evasion,  should  excuse  for  non-performance.  Exact- 
ness is  not  to  be  expected  without  painful  labour. 
Labour  will  not  be  regular  and  ardent  without  the  hard 
pressure  of  necessity.  Let  it  be  ascertained  that  there 
is  no  escape  ;  that  the  thing  must  be  done,  and  it  will 
be  done.  Such  an  urgency  upon  the  mind  disarms 
temptations  to  trifling,  and  often  to  vice  ;  keeps  it  bent 
on  the  period  and  the  matter  of  duty  ;  throws  it  into 
strong  action,  and,  perhaps,  which  is  still  better,  into  a 
sort  of  agony ;  hence  spring  the  finest,  the  most  mag- 
nificent effusions  of  human  genius.  There  exists  no 
more  fatal  enemy  to  diligence,  improvement,  and  ex- 
cellence, than  the  persuasion  that  '  there  is  time 
enough.' 

"  3.  Progression.  By  which  your  Committee  would 
express  a  gradation  of  exercises,  from  easier  and 
shorter,  to  more  difficult  and  ample,  according  to  the 
power  of  performance. 

"  During  the  whole  course  of  education  the  youthful 
faculties  are  to  be  kept  upon  the  stretch.  As  they  de- 
velope  themselves,  and  gain  strength,  they  are  to  be 
employed  in  work  demanding  severer  tension,  and 


more  dauntless  vigour.  As  in  mathematical  science 
every  preceding  proposition  is  an  instrument  in  the 
demonstration  of  those  which  follow ;  so,  in  all  the 
branches  of  education,  every  thing  which,  before  being 
learned,  is  an  end,  becomes,  when  learned,  a  means,  and 
is  to  be  applied,  in  its  turn,  to  the  remoter  and  ab- 
struser  investigations.  On  no  account,  therefore,  ought 
Students  in  the  more  advanced  classes,  to  spend  their 
time  in  those  elementary  studies  which  occupy  begin- 
ners. It  is  the  impoverishment  of  intellect — it  is  a 
waste  of  life — it  never  can  be  necessary,  unless  the 
necessity  be  created  by  some  mismanagement  in  the 
system. 

"In  conformity  with  these  general  principles,  it  is 
the  conviction  of  your  Committee,  that  the  hours  spent 
by  the  classes  with  the  Professors  should  be  chiefly  de- 
voted to  examination.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Professor 
to  use  his  information  not  so  much  for  the  purpose  of 
displaying  it  before  his  pupils,  as  to  direct  and  assist 
them  in  getting  information  for  themselves — to  employ 
his  sagacity  and  address  in  eliciting  their  faculties,  and 
inuring  them  to  the  habit  of  thinking.  The  experience 
of  different  countries  has  shown,  that  regular  attend- 
ance upon  lectures,  and  profound  admiration  of  the 
lecturer,  are  perfectly  compatible  with  ignorance,  with 
laziness,  and  with  stupidity.  If,  as  Dr.  Goldsmith 
observes,  there  are  many  authors  who  '  write  through 
a  volume  without  thinking  through  a  page,'  there  are 
also  innumerable  instances  of  youth  going  through  a 
four  years'  course,  and,  as  it  is  absurdly  styled,  *  finish- 
ing their  education,'  without  having  their  powers,  even 
for  once,  put  fairly  to  the  test. 

"In  acting  upon  the  plans  suggested  by  your  Com- 
mittee, the  instructions  of  the  Professors  should  be  ad- 


36 


justed  to  each  other,  so  far  as  the  nature  of  their 
respective  branches  shall  permit.  This  can  be  done 
to  great  extent  and  advantage  by  the  Professor  of 
Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  and  the  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages. The  classical,  which  are  the  principal  studies 
in  both  our  own  and  the  learned  tongues,  are  natural 
allies,  and  easily  associated.  The  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages should  point  out,  elucidate,  and  endeavour  to 
make  his  pupils  understand,  those  unrivalled  specimens 
of  taste,  of  eloquence,  and  of  wisdom,  with  which  the 
ancient  writers  abound.  And  the  Professor  of  Rhe- 
toric and  Belles  Lettres  should  refer  for  examples  to 
those  writers  particularly  who  are  studied  under  the 
Professor  of  Languages,  comparing  them  with  each 
other,  with  the  best  writers  in  our  own  language,  and 
especially  with  the  inspired  writings.    To  exemplify  : 

"  When  there  occurs  in  the  lesson  of  the  day  a  splen- 
did description,  the  Student  must  be  taught  to  mark 
the  selection  of  circumstances — the  order  of  arrange- 
ment— the  grouping  of  images — the  choice  of  words. 

"When  there  occurs  a  fine  and  spirited  criticism,  as 
in  every  page  of  Longinus,  to  thoroughly  comprehend 
his  sense,  and  to  trace  the  correspondence  between  his 
principles  and  his  illustrations. 

"  When  there  occurs  an  instance  of  able  disquisition, 
as  in  the  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  the  Student  should  be 
obliged  not  only  to  translate  his  words,  but  to  analyze 
his  argument.  The  same  principles,  properly  modified, 
should  pervade  the  whole  course. 

"Your  Committee  are  sensible,  that  this  method  is 
not  calculated  to  impart  immediate  eclat  to  the  Profes- 
sors ;  but  they  are  equally  sensible,  that  it  will  render 
the  College  incomparably  more  useful  than  she  has 
ever  been  ;  and  that  it  will  eventually  shed  lustre  upon 
both  those  who  teach  and  those  who  learn. 


37 


u  They  are  also  sensible,  that  it  requires  no  ordinary 
degree  of  understanding,  of  dignity,  of  taste,  of  diligent 
and  patient  labour  in  the  Professors  ;  but  they  judge 
also,  that  no  exertion  is  too  arduous,  and  no  sacrifice 
too  costly,  to  insure  the  highest  display  of  these  profes- 
sional virtues. 

"  Your  Committee  consider  the  course  of  instruction, 
according  to  the  preceding  views,  to  be,  in  reality,  the 
discipline  of  the  College  ;  but  they  feel  the  necessity  of 
some  strong  motives  to  enforce  compliance  on  the  part 
of  the  Students.  These  motives  they  conceive  to  be  all 
comprised  in  that  broad  principle — appeal  to  a  sense  of 
character. 

"  Forgiving  to  this  appeal  its  just  influence,  they  are 
of  opinion,  that  the  system  of  examination  should  be 
improved,  and  should  be  accompanied  with  certain 
coercions  which  operate  upon  effort  through  the  imagi- 
nation. 

"  The  improvement  which  they  would  suggest,  con- 
sists chiefly  in  rendering  the  examinations,  especially 
the  one  which  closes  an  academical  year,  most  solemn 
and  splendid.  So  that  the  figure  which  a  youth  makes 
shall  be  exhibited,  and  the  rank  which  he  deserves, 
shall  be  proclaimed,  under  circumstances  the  most  im- 
pressive and  interesting  to  his  mind.  To  effect  this 
end,  it  is  requisite  that  he  and  not  his  Preceptor,  draw 
the  attention  of  the  assembly — that  he  stand  or  fall, 
absolutely  upon  his  own  merits  ;  and,  without  impair- 
ing the  tenderness  proper  toward  an  agitated,  which  is 
frequently  the  noblest  spirit,  that  both  the  aid  and  the 
reproofs  common  and  needful  in  the  stated  class,  be 
entirely  withdrawn.  The  bare  expectation  of  such  an 
analysis  of  his  capacity  and  acquirement,  will  more 
powerfully  affect  him,  and  be  a  more  regular  and  ef- 


38 


ficient  stimulus,  than  all  the  tines  which  have  ever  been 
incurred.  But  it  will  be  necessary  to  go  a  step  further, 
and  deepen  the  impressions  to  be  thus  produced,  by 
adequate  rewards  and  punishments.    These  may  be, 

"  1.  Promotion  from  one  class  to  another.  The  rule 
to  be,  that  no  Student  shall,  upon  any  consideration,  be 
allowed  to  advance  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  class, 
without  being  master  of  the  previous  studies. 

"  Your  Committee  hold  this  rule  to  be  of  unspeakable 
moment.  The  practice  of  carrying  boys  along,  year 
after  year,  as  a  matter  of  course,  without  regard  to  their 
improvement,  or  with  so  slight  a  regard  to  it,  as  proves, 
in  fact,  to  be  merely  nominal,  is  worse  than  trifling.  It 
is  the  death-blow  to  solid  education,  and  the  destruction 
of  unnumbered  youth.  Nothing  but  ignorance  or  dis- 
regard of  the  springs  of  human  action,  will  engender, 
or  will  embrace  the  notion,  that  a  just  ardour  and  emu- 
lation can  be  excited  or  maintained,  when  the  idler 
and  the  blockhead  are  linked  with  the  lad  of  industry 
and  talent,  during  a  four  years'  probation,  and,  at  the 
end  of  it,  are  admitted  alike  to  academical  honours. 
To  produce  and  preserve  such  ardour  and  emulation,  a 
strong  distinction  must  be  instituted  and  kept  up  be- 
tween those  Students  who  acquit  themselves  well,  and 
those  who  acquit  themselves  ill.  The  cause  of  de- 
ficiency (wrhich  does  not  include  perturbation  arising 
from  awe  and  anxiety)  is,  in  the  judgment  of  your 
Committee,  perfectly  immaterial.  The  object  of  the 
College  is  to  educate.  Studies  which  precede,  are 
only  an  introduction  to  studies  which  follow.  Her 
course  must  be  conducted  on  the  assumption  that  they 
are  mastered  in  their  place.  Whether  it  be  from  in- 
capacity, from  negligence,  from  dislike,  from  absence, 
from  sickness,  the  want  of  preliminary  acquisition  must 


39 


effectually  preclude  access  to  a  higher  class.  Even  the 
case  which  most  excites  commiseration  and  pleads  for 
indulgence,  viz  :  deficiency  occasioned  by  sickness, 
should  have  no  influence  upon  the  rule  or  upon  its  exe- 
cution. The  general  fact  is  the  same ;  and  a  boy's 
unfitness  is  not  the  less  unfit  because  it  was  his  mis- 
fortune to  have  been  sick.  If  the  spirit  of  the  course  be 
cherished,  he  cannot  get  on  in  a  superior  class  without 
a  pressure  which,  instead  of  only  urging  him,  may  crush 
him  altogether.  It  would  be  absurd  tenderness  to  break 
him  down  with  mental  labour,  because  he  has  already 
been  broken  down  by  the  hand  of  disease  ;  not  to  insist 
that  the  exception  itself  is  liable  to  extensive  abuse. 
The  Board  will  demand  no  proof  that  it  is  a  very  pos- 
sible thing  for  a  lad  to  get  sick  in  order  to  save  his  re- 
putation. Advancement,  therefore,  from  one  class  to 
another,  must  be,  in  itself,  an  argument  and  a  reward 
of  merit.  This  association,  in  the  minds  of  both  the 
Pupil  and  the  Public,  appears  to  your  Committee  to  be 
of  essential  moment,  insomuch  as,  without  it,  the  force 
of  other  inducements  will  be  impaired  ;  and,  if  the  rule 
which  is  to  create  it  be  broken  through,  the  College  will 
inevitably  relapse.  The  chief  difficulty  may  be  antici- 
pated in  the  end  of  the  first,  or  Freshmen  year.  But 
this  will  probably  be  far  greater  in  prospect  than  in 
experience.  For  if  the  statute  respecting  admission  be 
faithfully  enforced,  such  a  mass  of  natural  incompetency 
will  be  excluded,  as  to  leave  comparatively,  but  little 
further  obstruction  which  shall  not  arise  from  negli- 
gence. And  the  examination  at  the  expiration  of  the 
first  half  year,  will  be  an  admonition  which  shall  render 
the  offender  without  excuse. 

"  As  an  appendage  to  this  rule,  your  Committee 
would  observe,  that  a  practice,  of  which  an  example  is 


40 


stated  in  the  Report  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  to  this 
Board  on  the  14th  instant,  viz.  the  allowing  boys  to 
attend  and  study  along  with  a  class  they  were  unfit  to 
enter,  with  a  view  of  qualifying  themselves  for  entrance 
at  a  subsequent  examination,  must  be  absolutely  inter- 
dicted. The  impropriety  is  so  glaring  that  your  Com- 
mittee are  surprised  it  ever  should  have  existed.  For 
it  is  self-evident,  that,  if  these  extra-students  can  go 
along  with  the  class,  they  were  not  unfit  for  entrance  ; 
and  if  they  were  unfit  for  entrance,  they  cannot  go 
along  with  the  class.  Either,  then,  the  studies  of  the 
class  must  be  lowered  to  them,  or  they  must  be  put  to 
studies  to  which,  by  the  very  terms  of  the  representa- 
tion, they  are  unequal.  In  the  one  case,  they  are  sa- 
crificed to  the  class,  in  the  other,  which  is  still  worse, 
the  class  is  sacrificed  to  them  ;  and  if  this  double  clas- 
sification be  permitted,  a  principle  is  sanctioned  which 
will  speedily  evade  every  possible  precaution. 

"  2.  Promotion  in  the  class,  which  may  take  place 
both  at  the  intermediate  examination,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  academical  year. 

"The  principle  to  be  chiefly  regarded  in  all  criminal 
jurisprudence,  is  less  the  severity,  than  the  certainty,  of 
punishment.  A  Student  should,  therefore,  know,  that 
dispensation  with  academical  law,  or  connivance  at  es- 
cape from  merited  censure,  are  out  of  the  question." 


^^^^  i  ■^^>^>\«\V^^ 


//J  J9* 


X  * 


